PURPOSE: To outline the incidence, presenting features, treatment response, and outcome of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated malignancies in infancy and childhood, together with the estimated risk of HIV-associated cancer in children born to mothers infected with HIV. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children collected data by specific registration and follow-up forms. By March 1999, 5,060 children were recruited, including 4,889 with perinatal exposure to HIV-1. Overall, 1,331 infected children were enrolled onto the Register and classified according to current Centers for Disease Control criteria; of them, 1,163 were vertically infected (24% of those with perinatal exposure). Of these 1,163, 569 (49%) were considered to have been prospectively followed-up since they had been registered at birth or within the first 3 months of age. RESULTS: Of the 1,331 children observed for a median time of 6.5 years, 35 developed 36 malignancies, four of which occurred in patients with blood-borne risk. For the 1,163 vertically infected children, the cumulative number of years of observation was 7,178 child-years and the cumulative incidence of HIV-associated tumors was 4.18 per 1,000 children/yr (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.92 to 5.98). When only the 569 vertically infected children prospectively followed up since birth were considered, the cumulative number of years of observation was 2,803 child-years. In this group, 10 tumors were observed, with a cumulative incidence of HIV-associated tumors of 3.57 per 1,000 children per year (95% CI, 1.92 to 6.63). CONCLUSION: The risk of cancer was significantly higher but not restricted to symptomatic and/or immune-compromised children. Cancer-directed treatment should be given promptly to these patients, who have a fair chance to survive their tumor in view of potential highly aggressive antiretroviral therapy-associated improvement in survival and quality of life.
PURPOSE: To outline the incidence, presenting features, treatment response, and outcome of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated malignancies in infancy and childhood, together with the estimated risk of HIV-associated cancer in children born to mothers infected with HIV. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children collected data by specific registration and follow-up forms. By March 1999, 5,060 children were recruited, including 4,889 with perinatal exposure to HIV-1. Overall, 1,331 infected children were enrolled onto the Register and classified according to current Centers for Disease Control criteria; of them, 1,163 were vertically infected (24% of those with perinatal exposure). Of these 1,163, 569 (49%) were considered to have been prospectively followed-up since they had been registered at birth or within the first 3 months of age. RESULTS: Of the 1,331 children observed for a median time of 6.5 years, 35 developed 36 malignancies, four of which occurred in patients with blood-borne risk. For the 1,163 vertically infected children, the cumulative number of years of observation was 7,178 child-years and the cumulative incidence of HIV-associated tumors was 4.18 per 1,000 children/yr (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.92 to 5.98). When only the 569 vertically infected children prospectively followed up since birth were considered, the cumulative number of years of observation was 2,803 child-years. In this group, 10 tumors were observed, with a cumulative incidence of HIV-associated tumors of 3.57 per 1,000 children per year (95% CI, 1.92 to 6.63). CONCLUSION: The risk of cancer was significantly higher but not restricted to symptomatic and/or immune-compromised children. Cancer-directed treatment should be given promptly to these patients, who have a fair chance to survive their tumor in view of potential highly aggressive antiretroviral therapy-associated improvement in survival and quality of life.
Authors: Rao L Divi; Tracey L Einem; Sarah L Leonard Fletcher; Marie E Shockley; Maryanne M Kuo; Marisa C St Claire; Anthony Cook; Kunio Nagashima; Steven W Harbaugh; Jeffrey W Harbaugh; Miriam C Poirier Journal: Toxicol Sci Date: 2010-08-11 Impact factor: 4.849
Authors: Nora Mutalima; Elizabeth M Molyneux; William T Johnston; Harold W Jaffe; Steve Kamiza; Eric Borgstein; Nyengo Mkandawire; George N Liomba; Mkume Batumba; Lucy M Carpenter; Robert Newton Journal: Infect Agent Cancer Date: 2010-02-12 Impact factor: 2.965
Authors: Nader Kim El-Mallawany; William Kamiyango; Jeremy S Slone; Jimmy Villiera; Carrie L Kovarik; Carrie M Cox; Dirk P Dittmer; Saeed Ahmed; Gordon E Schutze; Michael E Scheurer; Peter N Kazembe; Parth S Mehta Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-04-15 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Nader Kim El-Mallawany; Mercy Mutai; Idah Mtete; Satish Gopal; Christopher C Stanley; Peter Wasswa; Mary Mtunda; Mary Chasela; William Kamiyango; Jimmy Villiera; Yuri Fedoriw; Nathan D Montgomery; George N Liomba; Coxcilly Kampani; Robert Krysiak; Katherine D Westmoreland; Maria H Kim; Jeremy S Slone; Michael E Scheurer; Carl E Allen; Parth S Mehta; Peter N Kazembe Journal: Glob Pediatr Health Date: 2017-06-23