Transcriptional regulation in spirochetes.

Spirochetes belong to a widely diverse family of bacteria. Several species in this family can cause a variety of illnesses including syphilis and Lyme disease. Despite the fact that the complete genome sequence of two species, Borrelia burgdorferi and Treponema pallidum, have been deciphered, much remains to be understood about spirochetal gene regulation. In this review we focus on the environmental transitions that spirochetes undergo during their life cycles and the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation that might possibly mediate spirochetal adaptations to such changes.