Recombinant human GM-CSF in the treatment of poorly healing wounds.

Although most wounds heal rapidly, impaired or delayed tissue repair represents a major clinical challenge. Current therapy is directed at providing a wound with the most favorable environment in which to heal, rather than aiming to increase the rate of healing pharmacologically. Recent studies have suggested that a number of drugs may act specifically to increase healing rates. In vivo studies have demonstrated that recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor facilitates wound contraction, causes local recruitment of inflammatory cells, and induces keratinocyte proliferation. It also activates mononuclear phagocytes, promotes migration of epithelial cells, and further regulates cytokine production. In 2 recent placebo-controlled studies involving venous leg ulceration, subcutaneous perilesional injections of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor were found to be significantly better than placebo in the time to complete wound healing. In other studies, recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor was administered topically to wounds. Several case reports have also demonstrated the use of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for postsurgical wounds, chronic leg ulcers of sickle cell anemia patients, and refractory pyoderma gangrenosum. Despite proper attention to wound care, some wounds fail to heal in an appropriate fashion and may become chronic. Studies of wound physiology as well as experimental and clinical evidence suggest that recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor may promote healing of these lesions.