A critical view of past NIH research funding on tobacco and nicotine.

We describe past NIH funding for tobacco/nicotine-related research, using data from the CRISP computerized database of NIH grants awarded in 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, and 1995 (last year available). Two independent raters identified extramural grants whose investigators listed a nicotine/tobacco-related keyword as a primary descriptor for 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, and 1995. From 1975 to 1985 extramural funding for nicotine/tobacco research (corrected for inflation) increased almost fourfold. From 1985 to 1995, funding increased minimally (< 20%). In 1995, NIH expended $92.1 million on research whose primary interest was nicotine or tobacco. This represented 1.1% of the overall NIH extramural budget. Over time, when contract funding increased, investigator-initiated R01 funding decreased. Nicotine/tobacco research was spread across 18 institutes. Although tobacco use accounts for 20% of all US mortality, historically only 1% of the NIH's budget has focused on nicotine or tobacco. Among nicotine/tobacco grants funded, investigator-initiated research appears to have been limited due to large contracts for clinical trials. Nicotine/tobacco research has no home institute. Funding for nicotine/tobacco research needs to be increased and better coordinated.