Determination of the glycoforms of human chorionic gonadotropin beta-core fragment by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

BACKGROUND: Metabolism of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the serum and kidney yields the terminal urinary product hCG beta-core fragment (hCGbetacf), comprising two disulfide-linked peptides (beta6-beta40 and beta55-beta92) of which one (beta6-beta40) retains truncated N-linked sugars. Hyperglycosylated hCGbetacf may indicate choriocarcinoma or Down syndrome, but the glycosylation profile of hCGbetacf has not been thoroughly evaluated.
METHODS: hCGbetacf, purified from pregnancy urine, was reduced by "on-target" dithiothreitol (DTT) reduction and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The mass ([M+H](+)) of the primary sequence of the glycosylated peptide beta6-beta40 was subtracted from the m/z values of the discrete peaks observed to give the masses of the carbohydrate moieties. Carbohydrate structure was predicted by sequentially subtracting the masses of the monosaccharide residues corresponding to N-linked carbohydrates of the hCG beta-subunit reported in the literature.
RESULTS: Mass spectra of hCGbetacf revealed a broad triple peak at m/z 8700-11300. After reduction, the triple peak was replaced by a discrete set of peaks between m/z 4156 and 6354. A peak at m/z 4156.8 corresponded to the nonglycosylated peptide (beta55-beta92). The remaining nine peaks indicated that urinary hCGbetacf comprises a set of glycoforms smaller and larger than the trimannosyl core.
CONCLUSIONS: hCGbetacf comprises a wider set of glycoforms than reported previously. Peaks of highest mass indicate evidence of hyperglycosylated carbohydrate moieties. The data support previous reports that hCGbetacf oligosaccharides lack sialic acid and galactose residues. No indication was found of a beta6-beta40 peptide that was entirely devoid of carbohydrate.