A technology transfer model for effective HIV/AIDS interventions: science and practice.

The widespread use of effective, science-based interventions to motivate and sustain behavior change provides an important approach to reducing the spread of HIV. The process of disseminating information about effective interventions and building capacity for implementing them in field settings must be improved, however. Starting with a review of diffusion of innovations and technology transfer literature, we offer a technology transfer model for HIV interventions. We identify participants and activities directed toward the use of effective interventions by prevention services providers (e.g., health departments and community-based organizations) in each phase of technology transfer: preimplementation, implementation, and maintenance and evolution. Preimplementation activities focus on selecting an intervention and preparing for implementation. Implementation activities include initial implementation and process evaluation. Maintenance and evolution are ongoing with continued support for and evaluation of the intervention. This article takes the perspective of providers. Other perspectives are presented elsewhere in this issue.