Stimulant treatment in young boys with symptoms suggesting childhood mania: a report from a longitudinal study.

This study used data from a completed longitudinal study to examine the effects of methylphenidate on 6-12-year-old boys presumably at risk for bipolar disorder. Of 75 boys referred, diagnosed with hyperkinetic reaction of childhood (minimal brain dysfunction), treated clinically with methylphenidate, and followed as young adults, 23% (the maximorbid or MAX group) had childhood symptoms of irritability and emulated DSM-IV diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), plus oppositional defiant or conduct disorder (ODD/CD) and anxiety or depression or both. The remaining boys (the minimorbid or MIN group) had fewer symptoms and disorders. MAX and MIN groups did not differ in rated response to methylphenidate, duration of treatment, clinically determined maintenance doses, concurrent or subsequent treatment with other medications, or other aspects of medication experience. At ages 21-23, individuals with bipolar-related lifetime diagnoses (adult mania, hypomania, or cyclothymia) did not differ from those without bipolar-related diagnoses in any aspect of early methylphenidate treatment history. These findings indicate that ADHD boys with symptoms suggesting childhood mania do not respond differently to methylphenidate than boys without such symptoms, and there is no evidence here that methylphenidate precipitates young adult bipolar disorders in susceptible individuals.