Mechanisms of viral transport in the cytoplasm.

Analogous to the spread of viruses within the host animal during pathogenesis, from their site of entry to distant sites via the bloodstream, lymphatic system and nervous system, there is also movement within infected cells. As cytoplasmic diffusion only operates within very small volumes, active membrane traffic and cytosolic transport of viral genome-protein complexes are required, which involve both the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton.