Impact of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring on the management of hypertension in children.

BACKGROUND: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is widely utilized for the evaluation and management of hypertension in adults but has not been routinely used in the care of hypertensive children.
DESIGN: To examine the potential impact that the routine use of ABPM might have on the evaluation and management of hypertension in children, we reviewed our early experience with this technique, comparing management decisions based on ABPM with those based on casual blood pressure readings.
METHODS: Twenty children (4-17 years old) underwent ABPM for either the initial evaluation of suspected hypertension or the ongoing management of known hypertension. ABPM studies were considered abnormal if over 40% of both systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure readings were above the 95th percentile for the child's age and gender.
RESULTS: Of 13 children studied for suspected hypertension, nine had abnormal ABPM studies and were treated, but four had normal results and were therefore not treated. Of seven children with known hypertension studied by ABPM to assess their blood pressure control further, three had normal results and no management changes were made, but four had abnormal studies, prompting a change in therapy or further diagnostic testing. Overall, eight out of 20 ABPM studies led to the initiation of further diagnostic evaluation or a change in planned or ongoing therapy.
CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that ABPM has the potential to become an important tool in the evaluation and management of childhood hypertension, and suggest that more widespread use of this technique in children is appropriate.