Cell cultures as tools in biopharmacy.

A survey is given on a few selected cell culture models that are used for transport studies. They are characterised for growth, transcellular electrical resistance and cytoarchitecture. The importance of standardisation in view of their use as transport models is documented. Their potential for studies on passive permeation and P-glycoprotein-mediated transport is explored and related to published data. Transport studies are presented that were performed in a two-chamber set-up, the Costar "vertical diffusion system". A series of non-homologous compounds showed similar permeability data (P(app)) in the different cell cultures. The origin of the cell type had no remarkable influence on passive transcellular permeation. MDCK cells, an epithelial cell line of canine kidney origin, are perfectly suited to screen for passive permeation. They have low expression of transporter proteins and low metabolic activity. In general, they probably represent the best-known epithelial cell line with respect to genetics as well as lipid and protein composition. MDCK cells are easy to handle. Transport experiments can be done between 7 and 14 days after seeding, when the stationary growth phase is reached. To screen for P-glycoprotein substrates, efflux and uptake studies were performed with mdr1-transfected MDCK cells (MDR1-MDCK) in a one-chamber system in the presence or absence of verapamil or cyclosporin A as inhibitor. Evidence is presented why the transfected cells, which express large amounts of P-glycoprotein, are not suitable for two-chamber transport studies.