[Eating behavior, eating disorders and obesity].

Over the last 50 years, the nutritional and socioeconomic conditions have dramatically changed in all industrialized countries. As a consequence, there has been a sharp rise in the prevalence of obesity. Simultaneously, social and cultural pressures to maintain a thin body shape have significantly increased. This untoward situation is largely responsible for the steady increase of eating disorders, especially bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder, which are common disorders among normal or overweight individuals. Although the criteria for bulimia nervosa were first described in the DSM-III in 1980 (APA, 1980), recent studies have demonstrated that only about 12% of these patients are detected by their GP's. One reason for this low rate of detection may be due to the tendency of patients to conceal their illness from others. It is also possible, however, that general practitioners lack sufficient knowledge about bulimia nervosa, preventing proper identification. To help improve this situation, diagnostic guidelines and therapeutic options were summarized. Binge-eating disorder (BED), which is classified as an "eating disorder not otherwise specified" in the DSM-IV (APA, 1994), has been described as the most relevant eating disorder for overweight individuals. It has been estimated that approximately 20-30% of overweight persons seeking help at weight loss programs are classified as binge eaters. Initial results from these studies suggest that binge eaters may require a modified psychotherapeutic approach which focuses on normalizing disordered eating patterns before attempting weight loss. In addition to the importance of screening for eating disorder behaviors, overweight patients should be assessed for other comorbid conditions, such as depression and anxiety. Further, body image disturbances should be assessed during the evaluation. In the event that comorbid disorders are present, it is recommended that specific psychotherapeutic interventions which target these problems be integrated into the overall weight reduction program.