p202 levels are negatively regulated by serum growth factors.

p202 is an IFN-inducible phosphoprotein (Mr 52,000) whose expression in transfected cells retards proliferation. Interestingly, the reduced levels of p202 in fibroblasts (in consequence of the expression of antisense to 202 RNA), under reduced serum conditions, increase the susceptibility of cells to apoptosis. To identify the functional role of p202 in cell growth regulation, we tested whether serum growth factor levels in the culture medium affect p202 levels. Here we report that, under reduced serum conditions, the p202 levels were increased in fibroblasts, and the increase was seen at both the mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, an increase in p202 levels was correlated with cell growth arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Interestingly, the presence of platelet-derived growth factor AB, basic fibroblast growth factor, or transforming growth factor beta1 in the culture medium abrogated the increase in p202 levels seen under reduced serum conditions. We found that the increase in p202 levels was accompanied by an increase in JunD/activation protein 1(AP-1) levels, and transfection of a JunD-encoding plasmid along with a reporter plasmid in which transcription of the reporter gene (luciferase) was driven by the 5'-regulatory region of the 202 gene resulted in an increase in the activity of luciferase. Additionally, stable overexpression of JunD in cells, under reduced serum conditions, also resulted in an increase in p202 levels. Interestingly, one of the AP-1-like DNA-binding sequences present in the 5'-regulatory region of the 202 gene could selectively bind to the JunD/AP-1 transcription factor. Taken together, our observations reported herein suggest that in fibroblasts, under reduced serum conditions, the increased levels of JunD/AP-1 contribute to the transcriptional up-regulation of p202 levels, which may be important for the regulation of apoptosis.