Chronic renal failure in Thai children: etiology, cost, and outcome.

We studied the epidemiology, cost and outcome of chronic renal failure (CRF) in Thai children by sending questionnaires to all university hospitals, all government general service hospitals and all pediatric nephrologists in the country. A total of 238 cases (107 from 8 university hospitals and 131 from 70 government general service hospitals) were diagnosed from 1996 to 1998. Mean age of the patients was 8.3 +/- 4.9 yr, male to female ratio was 1.4:1. Congenital KUB anomalies (obstructive uropathy and hypo/dysplasia) were the main causes of CRF in these patients, especially in the under five age group. Only a small number of patients received renal replacement therapy (chronic dialysis and kidney transplant) and the mortality rate was 18.7 per cent in university hospitals. Renal transplantation was performed in only 5 patients in 2 pediatric units and another 2 patients in adult renal units. The outcome of renal transplantation in this small group of patients was very satisfactory. The cost of CRF treatment in children was comparable to adults. The main problems in the management of CRF in Thai children included the lack of experienced personnel, lack of equipment and funding. We conclude that in order to improve the care of CRF in Thai children, a training program for health personnel and budget allocation should be established.