Emerging techniques for anaerobic bioremediation of contaminated environments.

Over the past decade, it has been recognized that the diversity of anaerobic microbial metabolism is far greater than was previously assumed, and that many contaminants previously considered to be recalcitrant under anoxic conditions can in fact be biotransformed in the absence of molecular oxygen. Here, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of novel forms of anaerobic microbial metabolism and their potential application to bioremediative technologies.