Ureteroscopic management of upper tract transitional cell carcinoma in patients with normal contralateral kidneys.

PURPOSE: The standard treatment for upper tract transitional cell carcinoma in patients with a normal contralateral kidney is nephroureterectomy with a bladder cuff or segmental ureterectomy. We evaluate whether ureteroscopic tumor resection with vigilant surveillance is a safe alternative in select patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with isolated upper tract filling defects on an excretory urogram and a normal contralateral kidney were diagnosed ureteroscopically with papillary low intermediate grade appearing transitional cell carcinoma. Biopsies of the lesions were obtained, and the tumors were treated with laser ablation or electrofulguration in the same sitting. Patients with cytopathological results of high grade transitional cell carcinoma underwent nephroureterectomy. Surveillance consisted of ureteroscopy every 3 months until tumor-free and ureteroscopy every 6 months thereafter.
RESULTS: Between 1989 and 1998, 23 patients with normal creatinine (mean 1.0, range 0.7 to 1.6) underwent ureteroscopic resection of unilateral upper tract transitional cell carcinoma. On initial biopsy 22 tumors were grade 1 or 2 and 1 was grade 2 to 3. After the primary tumor was treated 8 (35%) patients remained tumor-free and 15 (65%) had multiple recurrences, which were treated ureteroscopically. Mean followup was 35 months (range 8 to 103 months). All 23 patients are alive without evidence of disease progression. At last followup 4 patients (17%) had persistent disease, 4 (17%) elected to undergo nephroureterectomy and 15 (65%) are free of ipsilateral disease for a mean duration of 17 months (range 6 to 77).
CONCLUSIONS: Ureteroscopic treatment of focal low intermediate grade superficial upper tract transitional cell carcinoma is a safe alternative to nephroureterectomy in select patients when vigilant ureteroscopic followup is used.