N Markovic1, R B Ness, D Cefilli, J A Grisso, S Stahmer, L M Shaw. 1. Women's Health Program, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. ninam@vms.cis.pitt.edu
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare self-reported and biochemical measures for tobacco, marijuana, and cocaine exposures among women early in pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: Women who were in the early stages of pregnancy and were examined in an inner-city emergency department were enrolled. Tobacco, marijuana, and cocaine use was measured by self-report and urinalysis. Cocaine use was also assessed by hair analysis. RESULTS: Data were available for 789 women. Among those reporting past use of tobacco, marijuana, and cocaine, 25.2%, 23.9%, and 22.7%, respectively, had positive results of urinary assays; among those reporting current use, 77.2%, 86.6%, and 75.9% had positive findings, whereas among those reporting never use 5.6%, 5. 7%, and 3.6% of results were positive. Hair analysis, in comparison with urine testing, for cocaine identified 4 times as many exposures among women who reported never using cocaine. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary assays were equally likely to be positive among women reporting never use and those reporting past use of tobacco, marijuana, or cocaine. Thus women with a positive biologic assay result were as likely to deny use of tobacco as they were to deny marijuana, or cocaine.
OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare self-reported and biochemical measures for tobacco, marijuana, and cocaine exposures among women early in pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN:Women who were in the early stages of pregnancy and were examined in an inner-city emergency department were enrolled. Tobacco, marijuana, and cocaine use was measured by self-report and urinalysis. Cocaine use was also assessed by hair analysis. RESULTS: Data were available for 789 women. Among those reporting past use of tobacco, marijuana, and cocaine, 25.2%, 23.9%, and 22.7%, respectively, had positive results of urinary assays; among those reporting current use, 77.2%, 86.6%, and 75.9% had positive findings, whereas among those reporting never use 5.6%, 5. 7%, and 3.6% of results were positive. Hair analysis, in comparison with urine testing, for cocaine identified 4 times as many exposures among women who reported never using cocaine. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary assays were equally likely to be positive among women reporting never use and those reporting past use of tobacco, marijuana, or cocaine. Thus women with a positive biologic assay result were as likely to deny use of tobacco as they were to deny marijuana, or cocaine.
Authors: Teresa R Gray; Rina D Eiden; Kenneth E Leonard; Gerard Connors; Shannon Shisler; Marilyn A Huestis Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2010-04-28 Impact factor: 4.244
Authors: Audrey Blasig; Emily C Wagner; David Pi; Mark Bigham; Valencia P Remple; Kevin J P Craib; Patrick Doyle; Simon Dobson; Eric M Yoshida; David Patrick; Mel Krajden; Deborah M Money Journal: Can J Public Health Date: 2011 Mar-Apr
Authors: Emily R Grekin; Dace S Svikis; Phebe Lam; Veronica Connors; James M Lebreton; David L Streiner; Courtney Smith; Steven J Ondersma Journal: Psychol Addict Behav Date: 2010-12
Authors: Steven J Ondersma; Dace S Svikis; James M LeBreton; David L Streiner; Emily R Grekin; Phebe K Lam; Veronica Connors-Burge Journal: Addiction Date: 2012-08-10 Impact factor: 6.526