BACKGROUND, AIMS: The purpose of this 2-year longitudinal clinical study was to determine the impact of smoking on alveolar bone height and density changes in postmenopausal females. METHODS: 59 postmenopausal women completed this study, including 38 non-smokers and 21 smokers. All subjects had a history of periodontitis, participated in 3- to 4-month periodontal maintenance programs and were within 5 years of menopause at the study outset. 4 vertical bite-wing radiographs of posterior sextants were taken at baseline and 2-year visits. Radiographs were evaluated using computer-assisted densitometric image analysis (CADIA); changes in interproximal alveolar bone density and changes in alveolar bone height were determined. Relative clinical attachment levels (RCAL) and presence/absence of plaque and bleeding on probing were recorded. RESULTS: Smokers exhibited a higher frequency of alveolar bone height loss (p<0.05) and crestal (p<0.03) and subcrestal (p<0.02) density loss relative to non-smokers. Smokers exhibited a trend (p<0.08) toward a higher frequency of > or =2.0 mm RCAL loss over the 2-year period. Plaque and bleeding on probing did not differ between smokers and non-smokers. A significant interaction, determined by repeated measures ANOVA, was noted between systemic bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine and smoking on alveolar bone density change (p<0.05). Only non-smoking patients with normal BMD realized a mean net gain in alveolar bone density; osteoporotic/osteopenic subjects (n=25) and smokers lost alveolar bone density. CONCLUSION: Postmenopausal female smokers were more likely to lose alveolar bone height and density than non-smokers with a similar periodontitis, plaque and gingival bleeding experience. In addition, both smoking and osteoporosis/osteopenia provided a negative influence on alveolar bone.
BACKGROUND, AIMS: The purpose of this 2-year longitudinal clinical study was to determine the impact of smoking on alveolar bone height and density changes in postmenopausal females. METHODS: 59 postmenopausal women completed this study, including 38 non-smokers and 21 smokers. All subjects had a history of periodontitis, participated in 3- to 4-month periodontal maintenance programs and were within 5 years of menopause at the study outset. 4 vertical bite-wing radiographs of posterior sextants were taken at baseline and 2-year visits. Radiographs were evaluated using computer-assisted densitometric image analysis (CADIA); changes in interproximal alveolar bone density and changes in alveolar bone height were determined. Relative clinical attachment levels (RCAL) and presence/absence of plaque and bleeding on probing were recorded. RESULTS: Smokers exhibited a higher frequency of alveolar bone height loss (p<0.05) and crestal (p<0.03) and subcrestal (p<0.02) density loss relative to non-smokers. Smokers exhibited a trend (p<0.08) toward a higher frequency of > or =2.0 mm RCAL loss over the 2-year period. Plaque and bleeding on probing did not differ between smokers and non-smokers. A significant interaction, determined by repeated measures ANOVA, was noted between systemic bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine and smoking on alveolar bone density change (p<0.05). Only non-smoking patients with normal BMD realized a mean net gain in alveolar bone density; osteoporotic/osteopenic subjects (n=25) and smokers lost alveolar bone density. CONCLUSION: Postmenopausal female smokers were more likely to lose alveolar bone height and density than non-smokers with a similar periodontitis, plaque and gingival bleeding experience. In addition, both smoking and osteoporosis/osteopenia provided a negative influence on alveolar bone.
Authors: Richard A Reinhardt; Julie A Stoner; Lorne M Golub; Mark S Wolff; Hsi-Ming Lee; His-Ming Lee; Trudy A Meinberg; James C Lynch; Maria E Ryan; Timo Sorsa; Jeffrey B Payne Journal: J Clin Periodontol Date: 2007-09 Impact factor: 8.728
Authors: Jeffrey B Payne; Julie A Stoner; Pirkka V Nummikoski; Richard A Reinhardt; Arthur D Goren; Mark S Wolff; Hsi-Ming Lee; James C Lynch; Robert Valente; Lorne M Golub Journal: J Clin Periodontol Date: 2007-09 Impact factor: 8.728
Authors: Ravichandra Juluri; Evuru Prashanth; D Gopalakrishnan; Rahul Kathariya; Archana Devanoorkar; Vidya Viswanathan; Georgios E Romanos Journal: J Int Oral Health Date: 2015-09
Authors: Jeffrey B Payne; Paul G Johnson; Car Reen Kok; João C Gomes-Neto; Amanda E Ramer-Tait; Marian J Schmid; Robert W Hutkins Journal: mSphere Date: 2017-11-29 Impact factor: 4.389
Authors: Rosario Guiglia; Olga Di Fede; Lucio Lo Russo; Delia Sprini; Giovan-Battista Rini; Giuseppina Campisi Journal: Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal Date: 2013-01-01