Working memory deficits in BXSB mice with neocortical ectopias.

Approximately 40-60% of BXSB/MpJ-Yaa mice exhibit neocortical ectopias, which are misplaced clusters of neurons in layer I of cortex. These ectopias are usually located in the prefrontal and/or motor region of cortex in BXSB mice, and are similar in appearance to those found in postmortem analyses of the brains of dyslexic humans. Several within-strain learning differences between mice with ectopias and those without have been reported. In particular, ectopic BXSB mice exhibited superior reference memory learning, but inferior working memory learning in several studies from our laboratory. This study used the Morris water maze delayed matching-to sample task and the water radial-arm maze to asses working memory in female BXSB mice with and without ectopias. In the delayed matching-to sample task, a hidden escape platform remained in a constant position for each four-trial session, but changed position between sessions. Trial 2 was the measure of working memory, i.e., how well did the mouse remember where the platform was located for that session. In the water version of the eight-arm radial maze, hidden escape platforms were located in four of the eight arms, and each platform was removed from the maze once found. This enabled us to assess working and reference memory simultaneously. Ectopic mice demonstrated working memory deficits during the first part of the delayed matching-to sample task compared to nonectopics. Similarly, ectopics made more working memory errors during the latter half of radial-arm maze testing, while not differing from nonectopics in reference memory performance. Additionally, there were significant correlations between measures of working memory in the radial-arm maze and working memory in a delayed matching-to-sample task. These findings are in agreement with other studies demonstrating working memory deficits in ectopic BXSB mice.