Prolactin and corticosterone secretion in response to acute stress after paraventricular nucleus lesion by ibotenic acid.

The cellular organization of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is complex and eight distinct regions have been identified by Nissl staining. Three consist of magnocellular neurons and five of parvocellular neurons. Ibotenic acid, a glutamate analogue, is a toxin with neuroexcitatory properties which acts on N-methyl-D-aspartate and metabotropic receptors. Depending on the dose used, ibotenic acid causes extensive damage of parvocellular neurons of the paraventricular nucleus but preserves magnocellular neurons and passage fibers, in contrast to electrolytic lesions, which causes diffuse and nonspecific destruction. We studied the prolactin (PRL) and corticosterone secretion in response to acute stress induced by exposure to the ether, 3 weeks after selective neurotoxic lesion of parvocellular neurons of the paraventricular nucleus by microinjection of ibotenic acid. There was no significant difference in the basal levels of PRL and corticosterone between control and lesioned animals. The plasma PRL increased in the sham and lesioned groups after stress of similar manner. However, the increase in plasma corticosterone in response to stress was significantly higher in lesioned animals. In conclusion, the selective lesion of parvocellular neurons of the PVN did not change basal or stress induced PRL secretion but it caused hypersensitivity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis 3 weeks later, probably by corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) from hypothalamic areas others than parvocellular neurons of the PVN; hypersensitivity of corticotropes to the secretagogues others than CRH; or hyperresponsiveness of AVP receptors in the adenohypophysis. Furthermore, we cannot rule out a putative inhibitory factor of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis produced by parvocellular neurons of the PVN. This factor modulator of corticotropin secretion could be absent after recuperation of the response of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis to the stress.