mRNA trans-splicing in the human parasitic cestode Echinococcus multilocularis.

An identical 36-nucleotide exon was identified at the 5' termini of different mRNAs from the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis. We provide evidence that this exon constitutes a new spliced leader (SL) that is obviously trans-spliced to echinococcal pre-mRNAs, donated by a non-polyadenylated, trimethylguanosine-capped SL-RNA of 104 nucleotides. Sequence comparisons indicated that cestode and trematode SLs are likely to be derived from a common ancestor gene. No conservation was, however, observed concerning the spectrum of mRNAs that is trans-spliced in cestodes and trematodes, indicating that trans-splicing of a particular flatworm mRNA is not correlated with the function of the encoded protein. We also show that the echinococcal gene elp, encoding a member of the ezrin/radixin/moesin protein family, is expressed via two alternative transcripts, spliced either cis or trans at an identical splice acceptor site. This was accompanied by the formation of different elp primary transcripts, harboring a complete or a truncated upstream intron, which supports the hypothesis that alternative cis/trans-splicing depends on the presence or absence of an upstream splice donor site. A putative SL gene was also identified on chromosomal DNA of Echinococcus granulosus, indicating widespread utilization of trans-splicing in the genus.