OBJECTIVES: To report the epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease in high-risk Alaska Native infants before and after universal infant Hib vaccination and evaluate an increase in invasive Hib disease in 1996 after changing Hib vaccine type. STUDY DESIGN: Statewide laboratory surveillance for invasive Hib disease has been conducted since 1980. Three cross-sectional Hib carriage studies were conducted in 1997 and 1998. RESULTS: The invasive Hib disease rate in Alaska Natives decreased from 332 cases per 100,000 children <5 years old in 1980-1991 to 17:100,000 in 1992-1995 but increased primarily in rural areas to 57.9:100,000 after a switch in Hib vaccine types. Carriage studies in 5 rural Alaska Native villages showed oropharyngeal Hib carriage as high as 9.3% in children aged 1 to 5 years; in contrast, carriage in urban Alaska Native children was <1%. CONCLUSIONS: Although Hib disease has decreased in Alaska, the rate of Hib disease and carriage in rural Alaska Natives did not decrease to the same extent as in non-Natives and urban Alaska Natives. Use of polyribosylribitol phosphate-outer-membrane protein conjugate vaccine for the first vaccine dose is critical to disease control in this population with continued transmission in infants <6 months of age. The ability to eliminate Hib carriage and disease may be affected by population characteristics, vaccination coverage, and Hib vaccine type used. This may pose a challenge to global elimination of Hib.
OBJECTIVES: To report the epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease in high-risk Alaska Native infants before and after universal infant Hib vaccination and evaluate an increase in invasive Hib disease in 1996 after changing Hib vaccine type. STUDY DESIGN: Statewide laboratory surveillance for invasive Hib disease has been conducted since 1980. Three cross-sectional Hib carriage studies were conducted in 1997 and 1998. RESULTS: The invasive Hib disease rate in Alaska Natives decreased from 332 cases per 100,000 children <5 years old in 1980-1991 to 17:100,000 in 1992-1995 but increased primarily in rural areas to 57.9:100,000 after a switch in Hib vaccine types. Carriage studies in 5 rural Alaska Native villages showed oropharyngeal Hib carriage as high as 9.3% in children aged 1 to 5 years; in contrast, carriage in urban Alaska Native children was <1%. CONCLUSIONS: Although Hib disease has decreased in Alaska, the rate of Hib disease and carriage in rural Alaska Natives did not decrease to the same extent as in non-Natives and urban Alaska Natives. Use of polyribosylribitol phosphate-outer-membrane protein conjugate vaccine for the first vaccine dose is critical to disease control in this population with continued transmission in infants <6 months of age. The ability to eliminate Hib carriage and disease may be affected by population characteristics, vaccination coverage, and Hib vaccine type used. This may pose a challenge to global elimination of Hib.
Authors: E J Williams; J Lewis; T John; J C Hoe; L Yu; S Dongol; D F Kelly; D T Griffiths; A Shah; B Limbu; R Pradhan; F Mawas; S Shrestha; S Thorson; A M Werno; D R Murdoch; N Adhikari; A J Pollard Journal: J Clin Microbiol Date: 2011-01-26 Impact factor: 5.948
Authors: Henry C Baggett; Thomas W Hennessy; Lisa Bulkow; Sandra Romero-Steiner; Debra Hurlburt; Patricia Holder; Alan J Parkinson; Rosalyn J Singleton; Orin Levine; George M Carlone; Jay C Butler Journal: Clin Vaccine Immunol Date: 2006-06
Authors: Ryan T Novak; Jean Ludovic Kambou; Fabien Vk Diomandé; Tiga F Tarbangdo; Rasmata Ouédraogo-Traoré; Lassana Sangaré; Clement Lingani; Stacey W Martin; Cynthia Hatcher; Leonard W Mayer; F Marc Laforce; Fenella Avokey; Mamoudou H Djingarey; Nancy E Messonnier; Sylvestre R Tiendrébéogo; Thomas A Clark Journal: Lancet Infect Dis Date: 2012-07-18 Impact factor: 25.071
Authors: David Scheifele; Scott Halperin; Barbara Law; Arlene King; Scott Halperin; Robert Morris; Charles A Janeway; Pierre Déry; Marc Lebel; Dorothy Moore; Nicole Le Saux; Elizabeth Ford-Jones; Ben Tan; Taj Jadavji; Wendy Vaudry; Wikke Walop; Joanne Embree; John Waters Journal: CMAJ Date: 2005-01-04 Impact factor: 8.262