The characteristics of dynamic overshoots in square-wave jerks, and in congenital and manifest latent nystagmus.

Dynamic overshoots are seen after voluntary re-fixation saccades. They are microsaccadic movements which follow primary saccades and have no delay. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and metrics of the dynamic overshoots seen after involuntary saccades. Using infra-red oculography we demonstrate that dynamic overshoots are a common occurrence in physiological square-wave jerks, congenital nystagmus and manifest latent nystagmus and that these overshoots are saccadic in nature and have the same dynamic characteristics as those seen following voluntary saccades. It is therefore likely that they share common neural commands to those dynamic overshoots seen after a volitional saccade. All dynamic overshoots are postulated to be the unwanted consequence of making a saccade and are simulated in a model of fast oculomotor behaviour which is consistent with known experimental results.