Pediatric retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy.

The endoscopic retroperitoneal (retroperitoneoscopic) approach to extirpative intervention for benign renal disease is increasingly popular. We describe several modifications of this approach, including the use of prone positioning and 2-mm instruments, that may improve the safety and efficacy of the technique in children. These modifications provide unobstructed views of the kidney and renal hilum and facilitate dissection in a small working space.