Effects of MDR reversing agent combinations on the 3H-daunomycin accumulation in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant human cancer cells.

BACKGROUND: As multidrug resistant (MDR) tumour cells generally exhibit a drug accumulation deficit, the effects of three prototype modulators and their combinations were investigated by studying the modulation of 3H-dounomycin cellular accumulation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two cell lines derived from a rhino-pharingeal human carcinoma, either sensitive (KB-3-1) or selected as MDR (KB-A1) were used. Verapamil (10mumol.L-1), PSC 833 (lmumol.L-1) and S9788 (5mumol.L-1) were tested alone or in association two by two. The cells were characterized by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in terms of pleiotropic resistance gene expression.
RESULTS: A strong mdr1 and a light LRP gene expression were found in KB-A1 resistant cells compared to KB-3-1, whereas MRP expression was found to a similar extent. Relative to the KB-3-1, cells, accumulation of 3H-daunomycin was reduced to 31 +/- 5% in the KB-A1 cells. In these KB-A1 cells, the three agents tested significantly increased the 3H-daunomycin intracellular concentration, S9788 being the most active (311 +/- 37%) and inducing a near complete reversion to the basal level of the sensitive cells. Verapamil and PSC 833 demonstrated an additive effect (252 +/- 69% compared to 188 +/- 33% and 126 +/- 27%, respectively). On KB-3-1 sensitive cells, S9788 had no effect, while verapamil or PSC 833 moderately increased the 3H-daunomycin accumulation, without additive effect.
CONCLUSION: These results show a strong MDR reversing effect of S9788, which appears specific to P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and an additive effect between verapamil and PSC 833, suggesting a better therapeutic efficiency if used in well defined combinations.