The use of mutants to probe models of gravitropism.

It has been widely believed for more than 70 years that auxin plays a central role in the induction of differential growth which causes gravitropic curvature. However, this long-standing consensus about a role for auxin in gravitropism has only been achieved by allowing several mutually exclusive models to coexist. Furthermore, because there is no detailed model which is unchallenged by evidence, consensus is now centred on ill-defined models which have a low predictive value, hence are harder to challenge experimentally. An increasing number of mutants with abnormal gravitropic behaviour are becoming available. Such mutants should be very helpful in challenging existing models of gravitropism and in providing new evidence on which to build improved, more precise models. However, to date, most studies of mutants with abnormal gravitropism have been guided, experimentally and conceptually, by the old inadequate and vague models. Consequently, the full potential of modern molecular analysis in aiding our understanding of gravitropism has yet to be realized.