PURPOSE: To ascribe activating transcription factor (ATF)-3 as a specifically induced transcription factor after ON injury and to describe its putative role as a modulator of c-Jun transactivation. METHODS: The adult rat optic nerve was crushed intraorbitally, and expression profiles of ATF-3, ATF-2, and phosphorylated c-Jun (p-c-Jun) were examined by immunohistochemistry and ISH. Western blot analysis for ATF-3 and -2 were also performed. Furthermore, colocalized detection of c-Jun mRNA with ATF-2 or -3 was attempted with a combined method of simultaneous immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: In response to optic nerve injury, substantial expression of ATF-3 as well as that of p-c-Jun was observed in the retinal ganglion cells, whereas no expression of ATF-3 was seen in other noninjured retinal cells. In contrast, ATF-2 was normally expressed abundantly in both retinal ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cells, but expression dropped in retinal ganglion cells after nerve injury. The expression profiles of ATF-2 and -3 after optic nerve injury were confirmed by Western blot analysis. A higher degree of colocalization was observed for ATF-3 and c-Jun than the modest codetection for ATF-2 and c-Jun. CONCLUSIONS: The transcription factor ATF-3 is specifically induced upon optic nerve injury and colocalizes with p-c-Jun in surviving ganglion cells. These findings suggest that both ATF-3 and c-Jun are crucial to trigger various transcriptional responses and may act synergistically during the survival phase of the optic nerve in the injury model.
PURPOSE: To ascribe activating transcription factor (ATF)-3 as a specifically induced transcription factor after ON injury and to describe its putative role as a modulator of c-Jun transactivation. METHODS: The adult rat optic nerve was crushed intraorbitally, and expression profiles of ATF-3, ATF-2, and phosphorylated c-Jun (p-c-Jun) were examined by immunohistochemistry and ISH. Western blot analysis for ATF-3 and -2 were also performed. Furthermore, colocalized detection of c-Jun mRNA with ATF-2 or -3 was attempted with a combined method of simultaneous immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: In response to optic nerve injury, substantial expression of ATF-3 as well as that of p-c-Jun was observed in the retinal ganglion cells, whereas no expression of ATF-3 was seen in other noninjured retinal cells. In contrast, ATF-2 was normally expressed abundantly in both retinal ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cells, but expression dropped in retinal ganglion cells after nerve injury. The expression profiles of ATF-2 and -3 after optic nerve injury were confirmed by Western blot analysis. A higher degree of colocalization was observed for ATF-3 and c-Jun than the modest codetection for ATF-2 and c-Jun. CONCLUSIONS: The transcription factor ATF-3 is specifically induced upon optic nerve injury and colocalizes with p-c-Jun in surviving ganglion cells. These findings suggest that both ATF-3 and c-Jun are crucial to trigger various transcriptional responses and may act synergistically during the survival phase of the optic nerve in the injury model.
Authors: Harry A Quigley; Frances E Cone; Scott E Gelman; Zhiyong Yang; Janice L Son; Ericka N Oglesby; Mary E Pease; Donald J Zack Journal: Exp Eye Res Date: 2011-01-25 Impact factor: 3.467
Authors: Ying Guo; William O Cepurna; Jennifer A Dyck; Tom A Doser; Elaine C Johnson; John C Morrison Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2010-01-13 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Ying Guo; Elaine C Johnson; William O Cepurna; Jennifer A Dyck; Tom Doser; John C Morrison Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2011-03-18 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Carly J McCarthy; Eugenia Tomasella; Mariana Malet; Kim B Seroogy; Tomas Hökfelt; Marcelo J Villar; G F Gebhart; Pablo R Brumovsky Journal: Brain Struct Funct Date: 2015-03-07 Impact factor: 3.270
Authors: Louise van der Weerd; Mohammed Tariq Akbar; Romina Aron Badin; Lauren M Valentim; David L Thomas; Dominic J Wells; David S Latchman; David G Gadian; Mark F Lythgoe; Jackie S de Belleroche Journal: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab Date: 2009-12-09 Impact factor: 6.200