A rapidly growing benign intrathoracic neurofibroma after lung lobectomy.

A 67-year-old male underwent a right upper lung lobectomy for lung cancer in January 1993. Follow-up chest X-rays revealed a progressive and rapidly growing intrathoracic mass in the right thorax. The mass, however, did not resemble a tumor recurrence, and the patient complained only of shortness of breath. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of the intrathoracic mass and its associated compression of the residual lung. A right thoracotomy was performed in January 1998, and a mass found arising from the sympathetic nerve trunk was resected. Microscopic examination revealed stellate or spindle-shaped cells in myxoid stroma with sparsely distributed collagen fibers. Immunohistochemically, the cells were positive for neuron-specific enolase, and the tumor was identified as neurofibroma. The patient did not suffer from von Recklinghausen's disease, and there was no family history of the disease. After resection of the neurofibroma, the compressed lung was able to re-expand, and the patient's shortness of breath disappeared. At one year postoperative, the patient remains well, and there is no evidence of recurrence.