Reciprocal translocations and translocation disomics of aspergillus and their use for genetic mapping.

Two new techniques are described for genetic mapping of reciprocal translocations in A. nidulans, which can be used to locate centromeres and meiotically unlinked markers. They both make use of unbalanced disomics from heterozygous translocation crosses. These are mainly hyperhaploids of two classes: either typical-looking n + 1 with a normal chromosome in addition to a haploid set containing the translocation, or translocation disomics. When large chromosome segments are involved, such disomics, as well as stable aneuploids and duplication types, show characteristic phenotypes and can be classified visually. The first method maps translocation breaks qualitatively, since translocated markers can be identified when translocation disomics are analyzed for heterozygous markers. The second method measures meiotic linkage of any marker to the translocation breaks when allele ratios in the balanced haploid sectors of either or both classes of disomics are determined: linked markers show reciprocal deviations from 1:1--In addition, it can be shown that frequencies of nondisjunction and recovery of specific translocation disomics both depend on the relative position of the break within a chromosome arm. Such information can provide a rough estimate of the positions of breaks for a new translocation.--Using these techniques, as well as mitotic mapping in homo- and heterozygous translocation diploids, four reciprocal translocations were mapped. from these results, information on the sequence and orientation of most of the "meiotic fragments" of the current maps (groups III, VI, VII and VIII) was obtained, and the position of the centromeres of groups VI and VII were identified. Translocation disomics are also used to map meiotically unlinked single genes, e.g. oliA of group VII, to specify chromosome segments.