Effects of heavy metals on nitrogen uptake by Paxillus involutus and mycorrhizal birch seedlings.

The effects of the heavy metals Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn on [(14)C]methylamine and [(14)C]aminoisobutyric acid uptake were studied in the free-living fungus Paxillus involutus and in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal birch roots. The uptake of both N sources by P. involutus was inhibited by the five metals tested. However, Cu(2+) and Pb(2+) had a greater inhibitory effect. Non-competitive inhibitions were determined between heavy metals and [(14)C]methylamine uptake. [(14)C]Methylamine uptake was reduced by one third by 2 µM Cd(2+) and Cu(2+) in non-mycorrhizal roots, whereas that of mycorrhizal roots was not affected. However, it was reduced by 30 to 80% by 200 µM Cd(2+) and Cu(2+) irrespective of the mycorrhizal status. [(14)C]Aminoisobutyric acid uptake in mycorrhizal roots was not significantly affected by Cd(2+) and Cu(2+), whereas that of non-mycorrhizal roots was decreased by 77% at 200 µM Cu(2+). [(14)C]Aminoisobutyric acid uptake was 4.5 to 6 fold higher in mycorrhizal roots, compared with non-mycorrhizal roots, even under metal exposure. The high efficiency of N acquisition by mycorrhizal birch seedlings under metal exposure might be regarded as a mechanism of stress avoidance.