Preclinical development of keliximab, a Primatized anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody, in human CD4 transgenic mice: characterization of the model and safety studies.

The preclinical safety assessment of biopharmaceuticals necessitates that studies be conducted in species in which the products are pharmacologically active. Monoclonal antibodies are a promising class of biopharmaceuticals for many disease indications; however, by design, these agents tend to have limited species cross-reactivity and tend to only be active in primates. Keliximab is a human-cynomolgus monkey chimeric (Primatized) monoclonal antibody with specificity for human and chimpanzee CD4. In order to conduct a comprehensive preclinical safety assessment of this antibody to support chronic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in patients, a human CD4 transgenic mouse was used for chronic and reproductive toxicity studies and for genotoxic studies. In addition, immunotoxicity studies were conducted in these mice with Candida albicans, Pneumocystis carinii and B16 melanoma cells to assess the effects of keliximab on host resistance to infection and immunosurveillance to neoplasia. The results of these studies found keliximab to be well tolerated with the only effects observed being related to its pharmacologic activity on CD4+ T lymphocytes. The use of transgenic mice expressing human proteins provides a useful alternative to studies in chimpanzees with biopharmaceutical agents having limited species cross-reactivity.