Iliac vein compression syndrome: a new method of treatment.

Iliac vein compression syndrome (May-Thurner syndrome) is caused by compression of the left iliac vein against the pelvic rim by the right iliac artery. Serious vascular sequelae to the leg can result if this is not recognized and corrected in a timely fashion. The condition, often underdiagnosed, is thought to be present in approximately 20 per cent of the adult population. Previously, a major vascular operation with a significant hospital stay was required to correct this compression. As a nonsurgical option, we elected balloon dilation of the stenosed iliac vein, with insertion of a venous stent to maintain the restored lumen. Two patients who had this procedure have been followed for 12 months; venograms show continued patency of the iliac vein with no pressure gradient present. This procedure is safe and cost effective, and it requires a minimal hospital stay.