Treatment-as-usual in the methamphetamine treatment project.

The Methamphetamine Treatment Project is a multisite trial that compares the effectiveness of eight models of outpatient treatment for methamphetamine dependence to that of the Matrix model. These eight "treatment-as-usual" models represent diverse approaches developed in a variety of settings to serve markedly different populations. The theoretical foundations of these treatments are described as well as the settings in which they are delivered. To facilitate comparisons, details are presented with respect to frequency of group and individual sessions, duration of treatment, therapist qualifications, and access to ancillary services. The populations served by these programs vary with respect to race and ethnicity. Most programs serve primarily non-Hispanic Caucasians, but some programs serve significant proportions of Hispanics, Asians, Pacific Islanders, and Native Americans. Usual route of administration of methamphetamine also varies by site, with snorting, smoking, and injecting each reported as the most common route of administration at one or more sites. The Minnesota model and cognitive-behavioral approaches are most commonly used in these programs, although contingency management and psychodynamic approaches are also represented. The intensive phase of treatment ranges between four and 24 weeks; the number of hours per week of client contact varies between one and 13. This trial will provide the opportunity to test the effectiveness of a wide range of treatments currently in use in community settings.