E Pollitt1, A Jahari, H Walka. 1. Department of Pediatrics and Program in International Nutrition, University of California, Davis 95616-8538, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This paper presents the results of a structural equation model testing whether the longitudinal data of the Pangalengan subjects fit the theoretical model regarding the intellectual delay of undernourished children. DESIGN: Two cohorts of children were randomly assigned to three treatments: E = 1171 kJ + 12 mg iron; M = 12 mg iron + 209 kJ; S = 104 kJ. Supplementation was given for 6 months. SETTING: The sites were six tea plantations in Indonesia. SUBJECTS:A 12-month-old (n = 53) and an 18-month-old (n = 83) cohort were recruited from day-care-centers. Inclusion criteria were: no chronic disease; length-for-age = < 1 standard deviation (s.d.) and weight-for-length between -1 and -2 s.d. of the median of the reference of the World Health Organization. METHODS: Twenty-four-hour dietary intakes were assessed using the weighted individual inventory technique. Body weight and length were obtained using standard procedures; motor development was assessed with the Bayley Scale and with a custom made scale for motor development leading to bipedal locomotion. Four-hour observations were made of the child's interactions with the environment. Carrying a child in the arms and exploratory behavior were used as indicators of caregiving and exploration. All measurements were obtained every 2 months. RESULTS: The original model did not fit the data. The model was then modified with the inclusion of two new pathways: from activity and from motor development to mental development. Following these adjustments the model fit the data for each cohort and for both cohorts combined.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVES: This paper presents the results of a structural equation model testing whether the longitudinal data of the Pangalengan subjects fit the theoretical model regarding the intellectual delay of undernourished children. DESIGN: Two cohorts of children were randomly assigned to three treatments: E = 1171 kJ + 12 mg iron; M = 12 mg iron + 209 kJ; S = 104 kJ. Supplementation was given for 6 months. SETTING: The sites were six tea plantations in Indonesia. SUBJECTS: A 12-month-old (n = 53) and an 18-month-old (n = 83) cohort were recruited from day-care-centers. Inclusion criteria were: no chronic disease; length-for-age = < 1 standard deviation (s.d.) and weight-for-length between -1 and -2 s.d. of the median of the reference of the World Health Organization. METHODS: Twenty-four-hour dietary intakes were assessed using the weighted individual inventory technique. Body weight and length were obtained using standard procedures; motor development was assessed with the Bayley Scale and with a custom made scale for motor development leading to bipedal locomotion. Four-hour observations were made of the child's interactions with the environment. Carrying a child in the arms and exploratory behavior were used as indicators of caregiving and exploration. All measurements were obtained every 2 months. RESULTS: The original model did not fit the data. The model was then modified with the inclusion of two new pathways: from activity and from motor development to mental development. Following these adjustments the model fit the data for each cohort and for both cohorts combined.
Authors: Emily H Siegel; Rebecca J Stoltzfus; Patricia K Kariger; Joanne Katz; Subarna K Khatry; Steven C LeClerq; Ernesto Pollitt; James M Tielsch Journal: J Nutr Date: 2005-12 Impact factor: 4.798
Authors: Lilia Bliznashka; Dana C McCoy; Saima Siyal; Christopher R Sudfeld; Wafaie W Fawzi; Aisha K Yousafzai Journal: Matern Child Nutr Date: 2021-12-14 Impact factor: 3.092