Effects of photoperiod reduction on rat circadian rhythms of BP, heart rate, and locomotor activity.

The effects of a photoperiod reduction in the entrainment of circadian rhythms of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA) were determined in conscious Wistar rats by using radiotelemetry. Two groups of seven rats were maintained in a 12:12-h light-dark (12L/12D) photoperiod for 11 wk and then placed in a reduced photoperiod of 8:16-h light-dark (8L/16D) by advancing a 4-h darkness or by advancing and delaying a 2-h darkness for 6 wk. Finally, they were resynchronized to 12L/12D. Advancing a 4-h dark phase induced a 1-h advance of acrophase for SBP, DBP, and HR, but not for SLA. The percent rhythm, amplitude, and the 12-h mean values of all parameters were significantly decreased by the photoperiod reduction. When symmetrically advancing and delaying a 2-h dark phase, a 1 h 20 min delay of acrophases and a decrease in percent rhythms and amplitudes of SBP, DBP, HR, and SLA were observed. Only the 12-h mean values of HR and SLA were decreased. Our findings show that the cardiovascular parameters differ from SLA in phase-shift response to photoperiod reduction and that the adjustment of circadian rhythms to change from 12L/12D to 8L/16D photoperiod depends on the direction of the extension of the dark period.