Correlative microscopy of cerebellar Golgi cells.

The cerebellar Golgi cells of mouse, teleost fish, primate and human species have been studied by means of light and Golgi light microscopic techniques, confocal laser scanning microscopy, slicing technique, ethanol-cryofracturing and freeze-fracture methods for scanning electron microscopy and ultrathin sectioning and freeze-etching replicas for transmission electron microscopy. The Golgi cells appeared in the granular layer as polygonal, stellate, round or fusiform macroneurons surrounded by the granule cell groups. They exhibited ascending dendrites toward the molecular layer and horizontal dendrites and a short beaded axonal plexus confined to the granular layer. Scanning electron microscopy revealed their three-dimensional neuronal geometry and smooth outer surfaces. Freeze-fracture method for SEM showed the stereospatial cytoplasmic arrangement of endoplasmic reticulum, cell organelles and nuclear envelope. By means of transmission electron microscopy the asymmetric synaptic connections of Golgi cell horizontal dendrites--with mossy fiber rosettes at the cerebellar glomerulus--and of Golgi cell axons--with granule cell dendrites at the periphery of glomerular region--were identified. At the molecular layer, Golgi cell ascending dendrites exhibited short neckless spines establishing asymmetric contacts with granule cell axons or parallel fibers. Shaft asymmetric axodendritic and axospinodendritic contacts between Golgi cell dendrites and climbing fibers were also found in the molecular layer.