Techniques of carotid artery stenting: the state of the art.

The technique of carotid stenting has undergone significant refinement since its introduction and continues to improve as experience with the procedure matures and more suitable equipment becomes available. Improved stent designs and the utilization of cerebral protection devices are expected to significantly impact on the technique, its ultimate outcomes, and widespread application. In using the currently available technology for carotid stenting, patient selection and meticulous attention to procedural details are very important in minimizing embolic events. In this article, we provide a comprehensive practical discussion of the state-of-the-art carotid stenting techniques that have allowed us to maintain low event rates.