F Khan1, T A Elhadd, S A Greene, J J Belch. 1. University Department of Medicine, Child Health Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, UK. f.khan@dundee.ac.uk
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Vascular disease in type 1 diabetes is a complex and multifactorial process, which probably begins in childhood in association with the onset of diabetes. To determine the possible factors involved, we measured microvascular responses to endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine) and endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside) vasodilators in 56 patients with type 1 diabetes (aged 9-22 years) and 22 control subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Skin perfusion was measured at the dorsum of the foot using laser Doppler flowmetry during low-current iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. Maximum vasodilator function was measured during local 44 degrees C skin heating. RESULTS: Vascular responses were significantly reduced in patients with type 1 diabetes compared with responses in control subjects: acetylcholine (P<0.01, analysis of variance [ANOVA]), sodium nitroprusside (P<0.01, ANOVA), and local heating (P<0.02. Mann-Whitney U test). Endothelium-dependent responses were related to duration of diabetes (r = -0.38, P<0.01) and to glycemic control (r = 0.37, P<0.01). Significant correlations were found in the patient group between responses to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside (r = 0.28, P<0.05) but not to heating, suggesting that a common factor (e.g., nitric oxide activity) may be responsible for the abnormal vascular responses to these chemicals. CONCLUSIONS: Early changes in microvascular function are present in young patients with type 1 diabetes, long before the initial clinical presentation. These abnormalities may be related to complex interactions between structural abnormalities and functional changes in the endothelium, smooth muscle, and nitric oxide activity.
OBJECTIVE:Vascular disease in type 1 diabetes is a complex and multifactorial process, which probably begins in childhood in association with the onset of diabetes. To determine the possible factors involved, we measured microvascular responses to endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine) and endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside) vasodilators in 56 patients with type 1 diabetes (aged 9-22 years) and 22 control subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Skin perfusion was measured at the dorsum of the foot using laser Doppler flowmetry during low-current iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. Maximum vasodilator function was measured during local 44 degrees C skin heating. RESULTS: Vascular responses were significantly reduced in patients with type 1 diabetes compared with responses in control subjects: acetylcholine (P<0.01, analysis of variance [ANOVA]), sodium nitroprusside (P<0.01, ANOVA), and local heating (P<0.02. Mann-Whitney U test). Endothelium-dependent responses were related to duration of diabetes (r = -0.38, P<0.01) and to glycemic control (r = 0.37, P<0.01). Significant correlations were found in the patient group between responses to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside (r = 0.28, P<0.05) but not to heating, suggesting that a common factor (e.g., nitric oxide activity) may be responsible for the abnormal vascular responses to these chemicals. CONCLUSIONS: Early changes in microvascular function are present in young patients with type 1 diabetes, long before the initial clinical presentation. These abnormalities may be related to complex interactions between structural abnormalities and functional changes in the endothelium, smooth muscle, and nitric oxide activity.
Authors: Marcello C Bertoluci; Gislaine V Cé; Antônio Mv da Silva; Marco V Wainstein; Winston Boff; Marcia Puñales Journal: World J Diabetes Date: 2015-06-10
Authors: Ingemar Fredriksson; Marcus Larsson; Fredrik H Nyström; Toste Länne; Carl J Ostgren; Tomas Strömberg Journal: Diabetes Date: 2010-04-14 Impact factor: 9.461