Peripheral nerve repair and grafting techniques: a review.

In this review, various conventional nerve repair techniques including direct epineurial repair, grouped fascicular repair, fascicular repair, and nerve grafting are described. The indications for use, as well as the relative advantage and disadvantage, of each technique are discussed. The experimental and clinical evidence from a review of the pertinent literature does not demonstrate a significant difference in outcome of one method over the others. Surgical decisions should be made by a thorough evaluation of all aspects of the nerve injury and surgical methods. All nerve injuries cannot be repaired using only one type of nerve repair method. The surgeon should be familiar with all the techniques described and be prepared to use them under appropriate circumstances.