Confocal analysis of cytoskeletal organisation within isolated chondrocyte sub-populations cultured in agarose.

This study reports the cytoskeletal organisation within chondrocytes, isolated from the superficial and deep zones of articular cartilage and seeded into agarose constructs. At day 0, marked organisation of actin microfilaments was not observed in cells from both zones. Partial or clearly organised microtubules and vimentin intermediate filaments cytoskeletal components were present, however, in a proportion of cells. Staining for microtubules and vimentin intermediate filaments was less marked after 1 day in culture however than on initial seeding. For all three cytoskeletal components there was a dramatic increase in organisation between days 3 and 14 and, in general, organisation was greater within deep zone cells. Clear organisation for actin microfilaments was characterised by a cortical network and punctate staining around the periphery of the cell, while microtubules and vimentin intermediate filaments formed an extensive fibrous network. Cytoskeletal organisation within chondrocytes in agarose appears, therefore, to be broadly similar to that described in situ. Variations in the organisation of actin microfilaments between chondrocytes cultured in agarose and in monolayer are consistent with a role in phenotypic modulation. Vimentin intermediate filaments and microtubules form a link between the plasma membrane and the nucleus and may play a role in the mechanotransduction process.