Medical management of gastroesophageal reflux.

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a common problem which can manifest as vomiting, failure to thrive, recurrent pneumonias, asthma, sinusitus, or subglottic stenosis. The medical management plan should be individualized. A "happy spitter" who has no complications of GER may respond well to conservative management, including positioning and thickening of feedings. A child with complications may require treatment with H-2 antagonists or proton pump inhibitors in conjunction with prokinetic agents. Children with gastrointestinal symptoms suggestive of GER who do not respond to antireflux management may need to be treated for eosinophilic esophagitis. Recent studies that assess the effect of medications on recognized complications of GER are reviewed.