Ethanol modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibition of cerebellar Purkinje neurons: relationship to GABAb receptor input.

BACKGROUND: Electrophysiological recording reveals that only a portion of cerebellar Purkinje neurons are sensitive to ethanol enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) responses. Although activation of beta-adrenergic receptors permits ethanol enhancement of GABA function from some cerebellar Purkinje neurons, other neurons remain insensitive to ethanol. These findings are consistent with the finding that other external neural inputs are required to allow ethanol enhancement of GABA responses from Purkinje neurons. Because of a high expression of GABA(B) receptors on Purkinje cells, we tested whether activation of GABA(B) receptors might modulate the action of ethanol on GABA responsiveness.
METHODS: Extracellular single-unit electrophysiological recording was used to investigate the effects of ethanol on responses to GABA and muscimol (a GABA(A) agonist) from cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Drugs tested were baclophen (a GABA(B) agonist) and CGP35348 (a GABA(B) antagonist).
RESULTS: Ethanol did not enhance responses to GABA and muscimol from all Purkinje neurons. Systemic administration of the GABA(B) agonist, baclophen (3 mg/kg intravenously), permitted ethanol to enhance GABA inhibition from approximately 75% of cerebellar Purkinje neurons not initially enhanced by ethanol. Local iontophoretic application of baclophen to Purkinje neurons also allowed ethanol to enhance GABA and muscimol responsiveness from a portion of neurons in which ethanol initially did not affect their actions. An inhibitory action of ethanol on responses to GABA and muscimol, which was also influenced by baclophen, was observed from some Purkinje neurons. From Purkinje neurons initially sensitive to ethanol enhancement of GABA and muscimol function, administration of CGP35348, a GABA(B) antagonist, diminished the effect of ethanol on the responsiveness of these agonists from the majority (9/15) of neurons.
CONCLUSIONS: The present findings demonstrated that baclophen allows ethanol enhancement of GABA and muscimol responsiveness from some, but not all, cerebellar Purkinje neurons initially not sensitive to ethanol. Likewise, a GABA(B) antagonist can diminish ethanol enhancement of GABA and muscimol responses from some ethanol-sensitive neurons. Thus, these results emphasize that GABA(B) receptors on a portion of Purkinje neurons act as an auxiliary neural input that allows ethanol enhancement of GABA responses. Consequently, receptor structure alone does not account for the action of ethanol on GABA(A) receptor function on this cell type.