OBJECTIVE: The association of known prognostic factors with immune cell counts and beta2-microglobulin and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2r) serum levels as markers of activation of the immune system was investigated in breast cancer. METHODS: Two hundred thirty five operated stage I and II breast cancer patients to receive adjuvant treatment in IBSCG trials were assessed in a cross-sectional study immediately before the first treatment. Leukocytes, lymphocytes and lymphocyte subset counts, beta2-microglobulin and sIL-2r serum levels were assessed as immunological parameters. Prognostic factors were tumor load, receptor status, patient characteristics, and contextual factors of the immune assessment (such as time of the day, time since surgery, type of surgery, concomitant medication, co-morbidity). RESULTS: In an operated early stage breast cancer patient population, tumor load was not associated with immune cell counts, beta2-microglobulin, or sIL-2r before adjuvant treatment. There was a pattern of association of prognostically favorable factors such as estrogen receptor (ER) positive tumor and older age with higher NK cell counts or with beta2-microglobulin or sIL-2r. In addition, immune cell counts and the markers of activation of the immune system were affected by several contextual factors, such as diurnal variability, time since surgery, type of surgery, and the intake of concomitant medication. CONCLUSIONS: The association of NK cell counts and beta2-microglobulin or sIL-2r serum levels with prognostically favorable factors such as ER positive tumor and older age supports the assumption that the immune system plays a role in the course of early breast cancer. The exact nature of this role requires further study.
OBJECTIVE: The association of known prognostic factors with immune cell counts and beta2-microglobulin and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2r) serum levels as markers of activation of the immune system was investigated in breast cancer. METHODS: Two hundred thirty five operated stage I and II breast cancerpatients to receive adjuvant treatment in IBSCG trials were assessed in a cross-sectional study immediately before the first treatment. Leukocytes, lymphocytes and lymphocyte subset counts, beta2-microglobulin and sIL-2r serum levels were assessed as immunological parameters. Prognostic factors were tumor load, receptor status, patient characteristics, and contextual factors of the immune assessment (such as time of the day, time since surgery, type of surgery, concomitant medication, co-morbidity). RESULTS: In an operated early stage breast cancerpatient population, tumor load was not associated with immune cell counts, beta2-microglobulin, or sIL-2r before adjuvant treatment. There was a pattern of association of prognostically favorable factors such as estrogen receptor (ER) positive tumor and older age with higher NK cell counts or with beta2-microglobulin or sIL-2r. In addition, immune cell counts and the markers of activation of the immune system were affected by several contextual factors, such as diurnal variability, time since surgery, type of surgery, and the intake of concomitant medication. CONCLUSIONS: The association of NK cell counts and beta2-microglobulin or sIL-2r serum levels with prognostically favorable factors such as ER positive tumor and older age supports the assumption that the immune system plays a role in the course of early breast cancer. The exact nature of this role requires further study.
Authors: Dalil Hannani; Marie Vétizou; David Enot; Sylvie Rusakiewicz; Nathalie Chaput; David Klatzmann; Melanie Desbois; Nicolas Jacquelot; Nadège Vimond; Salem Chouaib; Christine Mateus; James P Allison; Antoni Ribas; Jedd D Wolchok; Jianda Yuan; Philip Wong; Michael Postow; Andrzej Mackiewicz; Jacek Mackiewicz; Dirk Schadendorff; Dirk Jaeger; Inka Zörnig; Jessica Hassel; Alan J Korman; Keith Bahjat; Michele Maio; Luana Calabro; Michele Wl Teng; Mark J Smyth; Alexander Eggermont; Caroline Robert; Guido Kroemer; Laurence Zitvogel Journal: Cell Res Date: 2015-01-13 Impact factor: 25.617
Authors: Christina Lindemalm; Fariba Mozaffari; Aniruddha Choudhury; Helena Granstam-Björneklett; Mats Lekander; Bo Nilsson; Marja-Leena Ojutkangas; Anders Osterborg; Leif Bergkvist; Håkan Mellstedt Journal: Support Care Cancer Date: 2007-06-12 Impact factor: 3.603