Contingency management for accurate predictions of urinalysis test results and lack of correspondence with self-reported drug use among polydrug abusers.

Contingency management procedures have proven effective in the treatment of drug-dependent patients. These procedures, however, often require frequent urine testing, which is too costly for community treatment programs. To make urine-testing procedures more cost effective, the feasibility of reinforcing accurate predictions of urine drug screen (UDS) results was evaluated. Participants made extremely accurate UDS predictions, particularly when they made drug-positive predictions, regardless of whether predictions were reinforced. However, self-reports of recent drug use had poor correspondence with predictions of UDS results. Results suggested that if programs only tested samples predicted to be drug free, considerable cost savings could be incurred. Further research is needed to determine if validity would be enhanced by using a proportion of costs saved to provide nominal reinforcement when samples were verified to be drug free.