Measles virus-specific T helper 1/T helper 2-cytokine production in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Live measles virus-specific T helper 1/T helper 2-cytokine productions by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to live measles, mumps or varicella virus were measured in 15 patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and 15 controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Most patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis had a defect in measles virus-specific production of interferon-gamma, one of the T helper 1 type cytokines, despite persistent presence of measles virus, with preserved interleukin-10 (T helper 2 type cytokine) synthesis. Patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis were divided into two groups: responders (group A) with significant interferon-gamma production (>20 pg/mL) in response to live measles virus and non-responders (group B) with a little or no interferon-gamma production. Comparison of the clinical courses between groups A and B revealed that all the patients of group A retained receptive function for a long time, while most patients of group B lost the function rapidly (P<0.01). An inverse correlation between interferon-gamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and disease progression suggested that interferon-gamma plays an antiviral role in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.