Axenic cultivation of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria, and microalgae in a new closed tubular glass photobioreactor.

A low-cost closed tubular glass photobioreactor allowing axenic cultivation of phototrophic microorganisms was constructed. Standard glass tubes were arranged in a helical array providing a working volume of 80 1. The glass tubes were connected with a degassing chamber, which also provided ports for measuring and regulating oxygen supply, pH, foam, and optical density and for adding substrates and antifoam agents as well as disposing of vent gas. A pump module allowed agitation of the medium in the bioreactor at a laminar flow rate of 1.5 m/s. Upstream of the pump module a gas inlet was located, allowing efficient mixing of the used gases with the medium. The temperature of the medium was controlled by a Pt-100 sensor and by a heat exchanger with an effective surface of 0.12 m2 connected to an external thermostat. Irradiation was provided by three light panels each consisting of ten fluorescent tubes. The entire photobioreactor - apart from the light panels and motor - could be sterilized at 121 degrees C in an autoclave. In addition to a detailed description of this photobioreactor, we report on first experiments to cultivate the anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodospirillum rubrum, the oxygenic phototrophic cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803, and the microalga Chlorella sp. in this photobioreactor.