Regulation of vitellogenesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Studies were undertaken to investigate vitellogenesis and its regulation in female adults of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. A single female-specific protein, likely to be the S. frugiperda vitellogenin (Vg), appeared approximately 5 h after adult eclosion in the hemolymph of virgin females. The concentration of the protein increased with age as sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed. A protein with the same relative molecular mass was also present in egg extracts, but absent from hemolymph samples from male moths. The relative molecular mass of the designated S. frugiperda Vg was determined as 164.5+/-2.5 kDa. Vitellogenic oocytes became visible 36-48 h after emergence and egg deposition began on day 3 of adult life. Vg could not be detected in the hemolymph of females decapitated directly after eclosion. When decapitated virgin females were injected with the JH-mimic methoprene (MP), the level of Vg was comparable to that in non-decapitated moths, indicating that vitellogenesis in S. frugiperda depends on juvenile hormone (JH). However, the number of vitellogenic oocytes was somewhat lower than in non-decapitated virgin females. Injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) promoted Vg production to a similar extent in decapitated female moths, but in contrast to methoprene injection, treatment with 20E never resulted in the production of vitellogenic oocytes. In vitro cultivated ovaries of adult females dissected directly after eclosion produced lower amounts of ecdysteroids than those isolated on day 1 after emergence. Our results suggest a crucial role for 20E in the induction of vitellogenesis in the noctuid S. frugiperda, while JH seems to be essential for the continued uptake of Vg by developing oocytes and may trigger 20E biosynthesis in the ovary.