The use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy and lactation: current knowledge.

This article reviews the effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class of antidepressants in pregnant and lactating women for the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. An examination of the literature was conducted using Medline (1966 to present). Despite methodological concerns and the scarcity of data on this important subject, the majority of recent investigations demonstrate safety of the fetus exposed to SSRIs during pregnancy. All of the SSRIs reported in the studies are excreted into breast milk, and low levels have been found in infant serum. The implications of this for practice include identifying the effects of treatment versus nontreatment on the mother-infant dyad. Further research must examine long-term neurobehavioural teratogenicity in exposed infants.