[4th Austrian SIDS Consensus-Consultation and the Viennese SIDS prevention campaign "Secure Sleep"].

Despite numerous investigations the pathophysiologic mechanisms of SIDS have not been fully elucidated. In large epidemiologic studies highly variable SIDS mortality rates were noted between different countries and cultures. This presumably is due not only to differences in diagnostics and classification of SIDS but also in lifestyle and newborn care. The common denominator is the identification and prevention of the main risk factors: smoking, sleeping in the prone position, over-heating, wrong "bedding". SIDS prevention campaigns that have focussed upon these risk factors have led to a dramatic reduction in the incidence of SIDS. In preparation for the SIDS prevention campaign of Vienna ("Safe Sleep") the content, strategy and procedure of the Austrian prevention campaigns were analysed. The current focus is to convey a clear and uniform message in personal conversations before and after birth of the child. These conversations with parents are the most important tool to detect SIDS related anxiety and a possibly increased risk of SIDS. In the last 30 years various polysomnographic parameters were published that were associated with an increased risk of SIDS. Today there is international consent that polysomnography is not an efficient screening method to demonstrate increased risk of SIDS. Therefore the use of polysomnography, besides research purposes, has been limited to investigating clinical symptoms of infants and children. Concerning monitoring it is important to note that--in contrast to the undisputed importance of monitoring breathing disorders--the effectiveness in SIDS prevention is unproven. State of the art are instruments that monitor heart and breathing rate and have adequate storage functions. The duration of monitoring should encompass the symptomatic period as well as a safety period of three months. The monitor should not be routinely prescribed for a year. The guiding principle is "As short as possible with stringent indication". Prerequisite for the monitoring is good instruction of the parents and a continuous consultation by competent outpatient clinics.