M Hentrich1, J Rockstroh, R Sandner, N Brack, R Hartenstein. 1. Department of Medicine IV, Munich-Harlaching City Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) and myeloproliferative diseases are rare in HIV-infected individuals and optimal treatment has not been defined. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We report on the cases of two HIV-infected men, one with AML and one with myeloid blast crisis after polycythaemia vera (PV). A comprehensive review of the available literature will be presented. RESULTS: Patient 1, a 57-year-old bisexual man known to be HIV seropositive for more than four years (CDC-category A1), presented with a pulmonary infiltrate. On admission WBC showed leukocytes 5.6 x 10(9)/l and the differential revealed 80% blasts. A diagnosis of AML FAB M0 was made. Pneumonia resolved under antibiotic treatment and the patient received induction chemotherapy. However, he once more developed multiple pulmonary infiltrates and died of respiratory failure despite broad spectrum antibiotic and antimycotic therapy. Autopsy revealed pulmonary aspergillosis. Patient 2 was a 63-year old HIV-positive hemophiliac (CDC A3) with a 10-year history of PV. On admission his white cell count showed leukocytes 256.6 x 10(9)/l with 82% blasts. Cytochemistry revealed myelomonocytic differentiation. The patient died of tumor lysis syndrome with renal and cardio-pulmonary failure two days later. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of an HIV-infected individual with AML M0. The literature describes the cases of 39 HIV+ patients with AML and only one further case with PV. The association of both, myeloproliferative disease and AML with HIV infection is coincidental. However, the proportion of FAB type M4/5 appears to be higher than in the general population. Despite a high risk of treatment associated mortality durable remissions can be achieved in a small proportion of HIV-infected patients with AML.
BACKGROUND: Acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) and myeloproliferative diseases are rare in HIV-infected individuals and optimal treatment has not been defined. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We report on the cases of two HIV-infectedmen, one with AML and one with myeloid blast crisis after polycythaemia vera (PV). A comprehensive review of the available literature will be presented. RESULTS:Patient 1, a 57-year-old bisexual man known to be HIV seropositive for more than four years (CDC-category A1), presented with a pulmonary infiltrate. On admission WBC showed leukocytes 5.6 x 10(9)/l and the differential revealed 80% blasts. A diagnosis of AMLFAB M0 was made. Pneumonia resolved under antibiotic treatment and the patient received induction chemotherapy. However, he once more developed multiple pulmonary infiltrates and died of respiratory failure despite broad spectrum antibiotic and antimycotic therapy. Autopsy revealed pulmonary aspergillosis. Patient 2 was a 63-year old HIV-positive hemophiliac (CDC A3) with a 10-year history of PV. On admission his white cell count showed leukocytes 256.6 x 10(9)/l with 82% blasts. Cytochemistry revealed myelomonocytic differentiation. The patient died of tumor lysis syndrome with renal and cardio-pulmonary failure two days later. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of an HIV-infected individual with AML M0. The literature describes the cases of 39 HIV+ patients with AML and only one further case with PV. The association of both, myeloproliferative disease and AML with HIV infection is coincidental. However, the proportion of FAB type M4/5 appears to be higher than in the general population. Despite a high risk of treatment associated mortality durable remissions can be achieved in a small proportion of HIV-infectedpatients with AML.