Pretransplant systemic inflammation and acute rejection after renal transplantation.

BACKGROUND: There are presently no established pre-transplant tests that consistently identify patients who may be at increased risk for acute rejection episodes after renal transplantation. We studied whether pretransplant serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker for the presence of systemic inflammation, would predict the occurrence of acute rejection episodes after renal transplantation.
METHODS: Pretransplant serum was tested for CRP level in 97 consecutive renal transplant recipients. Time to acute rejection after transplantation was stratified by CRP level and compared using the Kaplan-Meier method. In addition, Cox regression multivariate analysis was performed to assess whether any pretransplant covariates could independently predict the subsequent occurrence of acute rejection episodes.
RESULTS: Pretransplant mean CRP levels were higher in patients who subsequently had a rejection episode versus those who had no rejection (22.2+/-2.9 vs. 11.7+/-1.8 microg/ml, respectively, P=0.003). Patients less than the median CRP value had a significantly longer time to rejection compared to those with higher CRP levels (P=0.002). Similarly, patients within the lowest CRP quartile had longer times to rejection when compared with the highest quartile (P=0.006). Cox proportional hazards regression multivariate analysis identified CRP level as the only independent pretransplant risk factor for rejection identified (P=0.044).
CONCLUSIONS: Pretransplant systemic inflammation as manifested by elevated serum CRP level independently predicts the risk of acute rejection after renal transplantation and may be useful in stratifying patients at the time of transplantation according to immunological risk. Thus, assessment of pretransplant systemic inflammatory status may be helpful in prospective individualization of immunosuppression therapy after renal transplantation.